|
San Francisco in the 1970s was a global hub of culture. It was known worldwide for hippies and radicals. The city was heavily affected by drugs, prostitution and crime. Outcasts and the socially marginalized were attracted by a greater tolerance and acceptability of multi-cultures in the city. It grew as one of world's biggest centres for the LGBT community and LGBT rights. The ''Daily Mail'' described flamboyant 70s San Francisco as being characterized by "hippy street life when buskers, bongo players and impressive bouffants thronged the city by the bay." The rock music known as the San Francisco Sound was performed live and recorded by San Francisco-based rock groups of the mid-1960s to early 1970s. It was associated with the counterculture community in the city at the time.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zHmi9y-KLo )〕 San Francisco was the cradle of the pornography industry in the United States in the 1970s, and led to a dramatic growth of seedy gentlemen's clubs, adult movie theaters, "peep show" booths, and sex shops downtown. Many skyscrapers were built in the city during this period. The city is also associated with West Coast jazz and was one of the major centers of jazz fusion which took off in the 70s. Many American detective/crime television series were shot in San Francisco in the 1970s and the city became well known as a backdrop to police films such as ''Dirty Harry''. ==1970–71== On November 20 1969, the group Indians of All Tribes (IAT) began a 19-month occupation of Alcatraz Island, in the San Francisco Bay, just off the shoreline of the city. The protesters, predominantly students, drew inspiration and tactics from contemporary civil rights demonstrations, some of which they had themselves organized. The stated intention of the Occupation was to gain Indian control over the island for the purpose of building a center for Native American Studies, an American Indian spiritual center, an ecology center, and an American Indian Museum. The occupiers specifically cited their treatment under the Indian termination policy and they accused the U.S. government of breaking numerous Indian treaties. In December 1969, one of the occupiers, Isani Sioux John Trudell, began making daily radio broadcasts from the island, and in January 1970, occupiers began publishing a newsletter. Joseph Morris, a Blackfoot member of the local longshoreman's union, rented space on Pier 40 to facilitate the transportation of supplies and people to the island.〔(Occupation 1969 ), Alcatraz is not an island, PBS〕 Some non-aboriginal members of San Francisco's drug and hippie scene also moved to the island, until non-Indians were prohibited from staying overnight. By late May 1970, the government had cut off all electrical power and all telephone service to the island. In June, a fire of disputed origin destroyed numerous buildings on the island. Left without power, fresh water, and in the face of diminishing public support and sympathy, the number of occupiers began to dwindle. On June 11, 1971, a large force of government officers removed the remaining 15 people from the island, forcibly ending a 19-month occupation. In 1970, Alex de Renzy of San Francisco produced a "documentary", ''Pornography in Denmark: A New Approach'', about the red light district of Copenhagen. The film, which grossed $2 million on a $15,000 budget, resulted in a well-documented court case, in which the judge ruled that it was "in keeping with the Supreme Court edict that draws the line between what constitutes free speech and what constitutes obscenity." As a result, open-minded San Franciscans became filmmakers and porn merchants, with the likes of the Mitchell brothers and Lowell Pickett capitalizing on the legalization of pornography in the city, and it was referred to early on by ''The New York Times'' as "The Smut Capital of the United States" and "the porn capital of America", with a rush later compared to the Silicon Valley boom of the late 1990s.〔 “Storefront” theaters and peep-show booths sprang up around the city throughout 1970, with buildings such as the Presidio and the Centre and Regal on Market Street converted to X-rated theatres. All sorts of kinky shops, publications and items sprang up around the city, including the first "leather" bondage magazine, ''Whipcrack'' in 1971. According to Josh Sides, in April and May 1970, "more than 950 patrons of adult bookstores, 367 patrons of pornographic video arcades, and more than 3,100 patrons of adult movie theaters" were observed in San Francisco. Although government officials, such as Supervisor Dianne Feinstein, frowned against the growth of the industry in San Francisco in the 1970s, the police force were known to be more lenient towards adult film makers and theatre owners in the city than in other US cities.〔 Many women's rights groups, notably Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media, campaigned actively against the industry, believing it to be demoralizing and demeaning to women. Modern Latino Culture is represented in the form of Latino artistic and cultural institutions in the Mission in the bay area of San Francisco, which is called the "Mission Cultural Center" for the Latino Arts. It was established by Chicano (Mexican-American) artists to cater to the taste of all classes of all ages of the community and is considered the “epicenter of Latino culture.” Galería de la Raza, which was founded here in the 1970s by el Movimiento (the Chicano civil rights movement is a nationally recognized institution in the Bay Area. The Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (YBCA) established here in the Mission District celebrates the Latino culture with a “Carnaval,” every year, which is said to be the largest multi-cultural event in San Francisco. A gay San Francisco postal worker who was to be dismissed from service by the Civil Service Commission on the grounds of “moral incompetency” fought for his rights in the court, in November 1970, and was reinstated in the job. This marked the beginning of gay reforms. Many important skyscrapers in San Francisco were built in the 1970s. The Hilton San Francisco and Towers was built in 1971. 425 Market Street was completed in 1973. The , 38 floor office tower at 425 Market Street was built by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company as their "Pacific Coast Headquarters" and was called "1 Metropolitan Plaza". It was built as a modern replacement for their older headquarters on Nob Hill at 600 Stockton Street (now remodeled as the Ritz-Carlton Hotel). It was among the first buildings in San Francisco to have a high-speed transport system for computer data cards, files and inner-office mail, at the time a state-of-the-art system. On May Day 1971, protesters demonstrated against the Vietnam War which led to violent clashes with the police, leading to some 100 arrests.〔 Some 150,000 marchers turned out at the anti-war protests in San Francisco. In 1971, the murder of police officer Sgt. John V. Young in San Francisco led to the arrests and indictments of several former Black Panther Party members. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Francisco in the 1970s」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|